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The uluma regulated the caliph bygranting him religious authority while the caliph regulated the uluma by justice and law.An edge view of Islamic history recognizes the immense power and authority theuluma had over the people as well as the caliphThereigns of the caliphate could never explain how Islam affected these people so drasticallywho were so far from the political center and so ignorant of the caliph in their lives.Once Muslim cities were booming, life in the cities, the true locus of Islamscivilizational greatness, inexorably molded society more forcefully than any caliph orphilosopher (99)app 13352,2528 13352,2528 As Bulliet laments, The view form the centerfollows [the rulers] dynastic trajectories without reading into them the larger meaningsascribed to the vicissitudes of the caliphs (7)Others had converted, for various reasonsincluding government benefits or freedom (for convert slaves), and had only now begunto question their responsibilities as a new Muslimby wusa9 Screen Reader Compatibility InformationDue to the method this document is displayed on the page, screen readers may not read the content correctlyThe agricultural foundation was far toothin to support the mushrooming cities because of the shortage in labor and the inabilityto increase the rate at which water flows through the qanats to irrigate farm fields.Because importing food and supplies from abroad into a landlocked city was extremelyslow and difficult, cities such as Nishapur were dangerously vulnerable to a food crisis.Famine and epidemic disease ensued, and contributed in large part to the decline of manygreat Iranian citiesBy the end of the bandwagon period these communities had grown intohuge Muslim cities 3c092786bf

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