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This should tell you something -- if we cast a pointer as a char *, we can walk through memory one byte at a timeIn CANopen, multi-byte parameters are always sent least significant byte first (little endian)"address" and "index" mean the same, so if you're getting confused, just think of "address" as "index"For example, suppose we have a 32 bit quantity, written as 90AB12CD16, which is hexadecimalTIFF image files are an example of the second strategy, whose header instructs the application about endianness of their internal binary integersMost processors used in non CPU roles in typical computers (in storage units, peripherals etc.) also use one of these two basic formats, although not always 32-bitLet's pretend 'c' is stored at address 1000The Internet SocietyThe ARM architecture can also produce this format when writing a 32-bit word to an address 2 bytes from a 32-bit word alignmentThe former is a DLL library call into ws232.dll, the latter is one BSWAP assembly instructiondeclspec(naked) uint32t EndianSwap(uint32 value) { asm { mov eax, dword ptr[esp + 4] bswap eax ret } } It is MUCH faster than the intrinsics that have been suggestedContents 1 Illustration 2 Etymology 3 Hardware 3.1 History 3.2 Current architectures 3.3 Bi-endianness 3.4 Floating point 3.5 Optimization 3.6 Calculation order 4 Mapping multi-byte binary values to memory 5 Examples 5.1 Big-endian 5.1.1 Atomic element size 8-bit 5.1.2 Atomic element size 16-bit 5.2 Little-endian 5.2.1 Atomic element size 8-bit 5.2.2 Atomic element size 16-bit 5.2.3 When organized by byte addresses 5.3 Middle-endian 6 Files and byte swap 7 Networking 8 Bit endianness 9 References 10 Further reading 11 External links If a file starts with the signature "MM" it means that integers are represented as big-endian, while "II" means little-endianIn an array, the address of consecutive array elements increasesAtomic element size 16-bit[edit](ull >8)); You could also declare a vector of unsigned chars, memcpy the input value into it, reverse the bytes into another vector and memcpy the bytes out, but that'll take orders of magnitude longer than bit-twiddling, especially with 64-bit values"Data Notations"Endianness is of interest in computer science because two conflicting and incompatible formats are in common use: words may be represented in big-endian or little-endian format, depending on whether bits or bytes or other components are ordered from the big end (most significant bit) or the little end (least significant bit)^ CfHere I use // BOOSTLITTLEENDIAN/BOOSTBIGENDIAN to check the host indianessThe least significant byte (LSB) value, 0Dh, is at the lowest addressYou use array indexing to access the bytes (i.e., characters) of a stringOther well-known little-endian processor architectures include MOS Technology 6502 (including Western Design Center 65802 and 65C816), Zilog Z80 (including Z180 and eZ80) and Altera Nios IIThe least significant 16-bit unit stores the value 0C0Dh, immediately followed by 0A0BhSPARC historically used big-endian until version 9, which is bi-endian; similarly early IBM POWER processors were big-endian, but now the PowerPC and Power Architecture descendants are bi-endianWe multiply by 256, or 2^8, because the larger byte is shifted over 8 bitsThat is true for typical embedded systems as well as for general computer CPUs c16eaae032

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