Diverse representation of sensors that measure angles

What is an angle sensor?

  Angle sensors, as the name suggests, are used to detect angles. An angle sensor is a sensor that senses the angle being measured and its changes and converts it into an available output signal. It has a hole in the body that fits the LEGO axis. When connected to the RCX, the angle sensor counts once every 1/16 turn of the axis. When rotating in one direction, the count increases, and when the direction of rotation changes, the count decreases, and the count is related to the initial position of BEWIS sensing intertial attitude sensor the angle sensor. When the angle sensor is initialized, its count value is set to 0 and can be reset by programming if needed.

The magnetic sensitive angle sensor adopts a high-performance integrated magnetic sensor, which utilizes the magnetic signal to sense the non-contact characteristics, and cooperates with the microprocessor to perform intelligent signal processing to produce a new generation of angle sensor.

Capacitive angular displacement sensor is used to measure the rotation angle between fixed parts (stator) and rotating parts (rotor). It is widely used in industry automatic control because of its simple structure, high measurement accuracy, high sensitivity and suitable for dynamic measurement.

In general, a capacitive angular displacement sensor consists of one or several sets of fan-shaped fixed plates and rotating plates to ensure the accuracy and sensitivity of the sensor, while avoiding dielectric constant and plate shape due to changes in ambient temperature and other factors. Indirect changes, etc., adversely affect the performance of the sensor, and put forward high requirements on the material, processing technology and installation accuracy of the sensor. In order to overcome the limitations of the capacitance angular displacement sensor, scientists at home and abroad have carried out a long-term The main idea of the research work is to design the sensor as a differential structure.

The sensitive component detects the capacitance value reflecting the angular position and is the initial conversion unit of the sensor. The measuring unit adopts an advanced anti-stray small capacitance detecting circuit to convert the capacitance value into an electrical signal. The main function of the intelligent component is calculated by a proportional algorithm. The amount of angular displacement is finally calculated by the interface component output angle.

The inclinometer is often used for horizontal measurement of the system. From the working principle, it can be divided into three kinds of inclinometer: “solid pendulum” type, “liquid pendulum” type and “gas pendulum”. The inclination sensor can also be used to measure the change of inclination relative to the horizontal plane.

The theoretical basis of the inclinometer is Newton's second law. According to the basic physical principle, the speed cannot be measured inside a system, but its acceleration can be measured. If the initial velocity is known, the linear velocity can be calculated by integration, and the linear displacement can be calculated. So it is actually an acceleration sensor that uses the principle of inertia.

When the inclinometer is stationary, that is, there is no acceleration in the side and vertical directions, then only the gravitational acceleration acts on it. The angle between the vertical axis of gravity and the sensitive axis of the acceleration sensor is the angle of inclination.

With the development of MEMS technology, inertial sensor devices have become one of the most successful and widely used MEMS devices in the past few years, and micro-accelerometers are outstanding representatives of inertial sensors. As the most mature inertial sensor application, today's MEMS accelerometers have a very high level of integration, that is, the sensing system and interface lines are integrated on one chip.