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It was a conspicuous rendering of a penis, huge and arching upwards. It cannot have had any practical

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Value, but was meant as a phallic exhibition, a demonstration of power, a threat signal of exactly the same nature as
the helmets beaten into the shape of lion masks which appeared concurrently. The man in armour with his

223


Olympia 1971 amount 3. (Courtesy of Mike Roberts Colour Generation).

cod-piece and the baboon presenting his erect penis as an aggressive signal to other baboons to keep off purpose at the
same effect" (p. 165). The writer also notes that tendencies towards genital action of an aggressive nature are
repressed in our present culture and that today's guys are not conscious of potentials like those openly
expressed in the Near East and--at least verbally--among the ancient Norsemen. This implies, based on the
author, that reasonable comprehension of the aggressive aspects of phallic symbolism is lost also; and this in turn
Signifies that grasp of the signal function of a phallic symbolism in dominance-entry patterns has
vanished from the consciousness--notwithstanding that these patterns still remain unchanged and attentive of actions
below the threshold (p. 191).

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Source of Nudity in Greek Athletics

A Proto-Attic Vase. Cecil Smith, "A Proto-Attic Vase," JHS 22 (1902) PI.11 a. (Courtesy
surprised to find in the state of Maabar, India that guys went to fight nude
with only a lance and a shield.
the rainy season tanks and rivers threaten to blow up their banks, men stand
naked on the embankments; and if an excessive amount of rain falls, nude men point
firebrands at the sky, as in the instance of rain-magic. This nudity is supposed to
"shock" the forces that sent the rain and cause its cessation. To https://ams.ceu.edu/optimal/optimal.php?url=http://nudist-video.net was an emblem of power having prophylactic virtue against
the assaults of the enemy. Roman soldiers marching into battle taken phallic
symbols on their standards. The distinct state of the sexual organ of a fighter

engaged in deadly battle is a matter well recognized in the Polynesian
superstition.24
24. H. Yule, Marco Polo (London, 1929), 2: 274,275,278.
of Eastern Bengal (London, 1883). p. 369; W. Crooke, "Nudity in India in Custom and Rite," Journal of the
Royal Anthropological Institute 49 (1919): 248; George Ryley Scott, Phallic Worship (Fresh Delhi, 1975). p, 109,
Gza Rohelm, Animism, Magic and the Divine King (London. 1972). p. 21.
Emblem from Atiu Island," Journal of the Polynesian Society 13 (1904-1905): 193. One of the Kiwi Papuans of
British New Guinea the penis of a slain foe is cut off and dried. Before a fight a little piece of it mixed with banana
is given to the youthful warriors to make them more powerful. [See Gunnar Landman, The Kiwai Papuons of British Awesome
Also see Rohelm, Animism. Magic and the Divine Kiq. p. 20.

225

The apotropaic use of the phallus is certainly exposed in the Greek herms which
consisted of a square stone column surmounted by a man's bearded head and
bearing an erect phallus.
market places, at intersection26 and at the frontiers, always facing away from
the protected premises. The same kind of sculpture can be found in some present
cultures, including on Borneo and Nias, Bali and the Nikobar Islands as items of
superstition against the spirits of the Deceased.27
W. Burkert wrote on the meaning of the display of phallus:
I cannot find any real explanation before ethology observed that there are species
of monkeys, living in groups, of whom the males act as guards:
outposts, confronting outside and presenting their erect genital organ. This is an
"Critter ritual" in the sense noted above: the basic function of sexual activity is

suspended for the sake of communicating; every individual approaching from the
outside will notice this group does not consist of helpless wives and children,
but enjoys the complete protection of maleness.28

Scientists also found that within a group of squirrel monkeys, one animal
25. The continuing belief in the apotropaic power of phallus seems to account for its look on the
doorways of fresh buildings in major cities of India. The defender figures often protecting either side of the entrance
to a Saivite temple in India, have noticeable erect sexual organs. [See Clarence Maloney, The Evil Eye (New York,
1976). pp. 114, 1251. For the same function renderings of human phalli are arch upon the exterior timbers of
Legba or
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