/ cxttfiredlink9's Library/ Notes/ There are various causes for data loss, such as storage medium harm, human misuse, virus damage, and operating program failure. Data repair refers towards the process of repairing lost data in storage media utilizing information repair application. Ahead 
There are various causes for data loss, such as storage medium harm, human misuse, virus damage, and operating program failure. Data repair refers towards the process of repairing lost data in storage media utilizing information repair application. Ahead
from web site
Repair difficult drive
This short article directory
1. The information structure in the really hard disk
1. Boot sector
2. Operating disappeared samsung memory card data recovery . File allocation table
four. Directory area
five. Information area
Second, the information storage principle
Third, defend challenging drive information
1. Reasons for challenging disk data loss
2. Measures to prevent data loss in the hard disk
Fourth, the principle of recovering information
1. Data structure on the really hard disk The tough disk just shipped from the factory cannot be applied commonly. It may be made use of typically only just after partitioning, formatting and installing the operating method. Following performing these operations on the difficult disk, the challenging disk might be divided into five parts: the key boot sector, the operating system boot sector, the file allocation table, the directory area, and the data region.
1. Boot sector
The main boot sector is positioned in track 0 cylinder 0 cylinder 1 sector in the whole difficult disk, like the really hard disk's most important boot record (MBR, MainBootRecord) and partition table (DPT, DiskPartitionTable).
◆ Master boot record
The master boot record is located at 0 to 1BDH of the main boot sector. It's mostly utilised to check the correctness on the partition table and ascertain the boot partition. In Diskgetor samsung memory card data recovery software of the program, the boot program with the partition is transferred from the operating technique boot sector to memory, and then Be implemented.
◆ Partition table
The partition table from the tough disk is located from 1BEH to IFDH from the principal boot sector, with 80H or 00H as the start out mark and 55AAH as the end mark. Every partition table occupies 16 bytes, a total of 4 partition tables, positioned in the primary boot sector At the really finish.
two. Operating technique boot sector
The operating program boot sector (OBR, OSBootRecord) is generated by an advanced formatter and is normally situated around the really hard disk's 0 track 1 cylinder 1 sector. To get a system booted in multi-boot mode, the very first sector within the corresponding main partition or extended partition is definitely the first sector that the operating method can directly access, which contains a boot program and also the parameter record table on the corresponding partition (BPB, BIOSParameterBlock).
Each logical partition has an operating system boot sector, and its parameters differ in accordance with the size of your partition along with the type of operating system. The boot system is mainly employed to ascertain whether or not the first two files in the root directory with the partition would be the boot files on the operating program. If so, the first file is read in to the memory and also the handle is given to the file. The parameter record table (BPB) records critical parameters for instance the start off sector, end sector, file storage format, hard disk drive letter, root directory size, file allocation table (FAT) quantity, and allocation unit size on the partition.
3. File allocation table
The file allocation table (FAT, FileAllocationTable) is a file addressing system. The file allocation table is behind the boot sector from the operating system, and its size depends on the size from the partition plus the size of your file allocation unit. In an effort to boost information safety, there are generally two file allocation tables, along with the second file allocation table can be a backup from the very first file allocation table.
FAT includes FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 three file formats, broadly utilised in different operating systems. Within the FAT file format, the basic unit of a file occupying disk space is really a cluster, plus the number of sectors in each and every cluster in the hard disk is associated with the total capacity in the tough disk. Windows2000 / XP / Server2003 / Vista / 7 and also other operating systems mainly use FAT32 or NTFS file formats. OS / two, UNIX, Linux, Novell and other operating systems have their own file management strategies.
4. Directory region
The directory region (DIR, Directory) is utilized to retailer info about the place of files, such as the beginning unit, file name, file extension, and file attributes of each file (directory). https://firedberry3.webgarden.cz/rubriky/firedberry3-s-blog/2010-12-1014-49-source-no-cost is positioned behind the second file allocation table. The directory area is employed in conjunction using the file allocation table to accurately locate the precise place in the file on the disk.
5. Information location
The data area (Information) is situated behind the directory region and occupies many of the space on the challenging disk, in which all information of user files are stored. If customers typically defragment the disk partition, the data in the data region is going to be constantly stored, to ensure that even when the key boot sector, file allocation table and directory area are all broken, you are able to make use of the disk recovery computer software to restore the information.
Data repair
Second, the data storage principle In an effort to proficiently repair the data lost in the storage medium (challenging disk, optical disk, U disk and mobile tough disk), the user should comprehend the data storage principle. The following describes the principles of reading, storing, and deleting data files.
1. The idea of data
Data is often a broad idea, such as numerous information stored in the operating system or personal computer, which include multimedia files (graphics, pictures and sounds, etc.), installed computer software, documentation and database files.
2. Reading of files
When the system reads a file, it 1st reads the relevant data of the file from the directory region, which includes the file name, file extension, file size, modification date, plus the cluster variety of the first cluster that the file saves within the data region. By way of example, the very first cluster quantity stored inside the data area of the file is 0050, when reading the file, the program will study information from the 0050 cluster, then come across the 0050 unit in the FAT (file allocation table); if it's stored inside the content material could be the end-of-file flag, which is, FF, which indicates the end with the file, otherwise unit 0050 continues to read the cluster quantity of the next cluster. Repeat this way until the end-of-file flag is study.
3. Writing of files
When saving a file, the program initially searches for empty sectors inside the directory location. After locating it, it begins to create relevant details which include the file name, file size, and creation time, and then finds unused space inside the data region to save the file and save the file. The very first cluster number within the data area is written in to the directory location, along with the rest from the operations are pretty much the identical as these when reading files.
4. Deletion of files
Deleting a file is fairly simple. When deleting a file, the technique will only change the initial character in the file place data within the directory location to E5 to indicate that the file is deleted. Utilizing the 'fdisk' command to delete, rebuild the partition, along with the 'format' command to format the disk partition didn't delete the information directly in the data area. 'Fdisk' only changed the partition table, and 'format' just modified the FAT table. For that reason, it can be totally achievable to recover data within the wrong partition and formatted disk partition.
3. Protection of really hard disk data Due to the fact the user's critical data and software program are stored inside the challenging disk, when the information is lost because of improper tough disk protection, it will cause big losses towards the user. Hence, it really is particularly important to strengthen the protection with the tough disk and guard the challenging disk data. critical.
1. Reasons for tough disk data loss
The motives for challenging disk data loss mainly involve hardware and computer software, that are introduced separately under.
(1) Hardware reasons
Physical harm towards the difficult disk will be the hardware cause of information loss. Mainly manifested in track damage, circuit failure, mechanical failure and subsystem failure.
◆ Difficult disk track harm is often divided into zero track damage as well as other track harm. When the program displays 'Track0Bad' or 'DiskBootFailue' prompt message and can't boot in to the program, it indicates that the zero track is damaged. The harm of other tracks generally will not have an effect on the regular startup on the system, but only destroys the tough disk data on the tracks.
◆ The circuit failure primarily refers to the failure of your hard disk manage chip and handle circuit. Soon after such a fault happens, a 'Harddiskdrivefailure' prompt message will seem through the self-test. Often such a fault can detect system parameters and in some cases it cannot.
◆ Mechanical failure typically manifests as abnormal sound or magnetic head deformation when the hard disk is rotating, which can not be positioned and write errors.
◆ Subsystem failure mainly refers towards the failure of challenging disk controller, motherboard or energy provide method. Throughout the BIOS self-test, the hard disk parameters can't be displayed, along with a 'Harddrivecontrollerfailuer' error message will seem.
(two) Application causes
The cause for computer software is the fact that system files, application files, and user information files are deleted, modified, or lost. Such conditions are far more most likely to occur throughout the use in the laptop or computer. Usually, virus infection, incorrect disk partition operation and formatted partition, incorrect deletion or overwriting, and Ghost accidental restoration are all most likely to cause the loss of difficult disk data.
Software program faults usually manifest as failure to begin the system ordinarily, disk study and write errors, the essential files cannot be discovered, the files can't be opened or display garbled characters after opening, as well as the challenging disk partition is lost or a partition is not formatted.
Test the really hard drive
2. Measures to stop data loss in the really hard disk
Suitable operation in the personal computer can correctly stop the loss of challenging disk information. Right here are a number of measures to stop the loss of tough disk data.
◆ Frequently back up the system and essential information, and confirm the integrity on the backup information.
◆ Do not use disk operation application such as FDISK, PartitonMagic and Diskgen.
◆ When applying Ghost computer software to restore the system, you'll want to confirm no matter whether the source disk and also the target disk correspond.
◆ Shut down the pc typically, usually do not force shutdown or unplug the energy when reading and writing the really hard disk. It is advisable to use UPS and other gear to ensure power provide to prevent the sudden energy failure from causing harm for the personal computer hard disk.
◆ Use anti-virus application to kill viruses routinely, and update the virus database regularly.
◆ Do not move the chassis at random when it can be turned on, so as not to damage the difficult disk.
◆ Place the computer system in a working environment with appropriate temperature and humidity, and spend attention to ventilation to avoid the really hard disk working at high temperature.
◆ When you discover that the study and write speed with the difficult disk is naturally slow, you should make use of the disk defragmentation program to scan and organize the difficult disk.
◆ Don't use the encryption function from the NTFS file format that comes with the Windows method. Since once encrypted, if there isn't any backup crucial and certificate after reinstalling the program, the encrypted file won't be opened.
◆ When the difficult disk is abnormally loud, try not to turn it on. Try to ask a professional to repair it.
hint:
Inside the configuration with the personal computer, when the memory capacity is modest, the amount of times the challenging disk reads the disk will improve considerably, which does not guarantee the life on the challenging disk. When installing a difficult disk, the difficult disk must be hardened. The strong vibration will make the tough disk make unbearable noise, and it is actually the culprit of physical poor sectors.
Fourth, the principle of recovering information When the data inside the difficult disk is lost, it ought to comply with particular data recovery principles to restore the data to minimize the loss as substantially as you possibly can.
When recovering data, you very first really need to recall the earlier operations that might bring about information loss, analyze the result in on the lost information as outlined by the error prompt details, after which make a targeted recovery plan. As long as conditions permit, it's essential to do a backup job ahead of operation. Ahead of the user restores the information, he must carry out the following operations around the computer.
1. When the lost data is inside a non-system disk, you do not should turn off the energy, then make use of the information recovery software to recover the lost information.
2. When the files in the technique disk are lost, the power need to be turned off quickly to prevent the files generated by the new operation from overwriting the physical space where the original files are located. For the reason that during the standard shutdown operation, the Windows operating technique will execute disk create operations including backing up the registry.
3. Back up all data inside the at present recognized disk partition. In the event the program disk is broken, you have to attach the challenging disk to a functioning computer just before restoring data and back up all information inside the non-system partition.
four. Ahead of restoring the information, usually do not create any information to the partition exactly where the information to become restored is located, otherwise the lost data will likely be overwritten and also the information can't be recovered.
This short article directory
1. The information structure in the really hard disk
1. Boot sector
2. Operating disappeared samsung memory card data recovery . File allocation table
four. Directory area
five. Information area
Second, the information storage principle
Third, defend challenging drive information
1. Reasons for challenging disk data loss
2. Measures to prevent data loss in the hard disk
Fourth, the principle of recovering information
1. Data structure on the really hard disk The tough disk just shipped from the factory cannot be applied commonly. It may be made use of typically only just after partitioning, formatting and installing the operating method. Following performing these operations on the difficult disk, the challenging disk might be divided into five parts: the key boot sector, the operating system boot sector, the file allocation table, the directory area, and the data region.
1. Boot sector
The main boot sector is positioned in track 0 cylinder 0 cylinder 1 sector in the whole difficult disk, like the really hard disk's most important boot record (MBR, MainBootRecord) and partition table (DPT, DiskPartitionTable).
◆ Master boot record
The master boot record is located at 0 to 1BDH of the main boot sector. It's mostly utilised to check the correctness on the partition table and ascertain the boot partition. In Diskgetor samsung memory card data recovery software of the program, the boot program with the partition is transferred from the operating technique boot sector to memory, and then Be implemented.
◆ Partition table
The partition table from the tough disk is located from 1BEH to IFDH from the principal boot sector, with 80H or 00H as the start out mark and 55AAH as the end mark. Every partition table occupies 16 bytes, a total of 4 partition tables, positioned in the primary boot sector At the really finish.
two. Operating technique boot sector
The operating program boot sector (OBR, OSBootRecord) is generated by an advanced formatter and is normally situated around the really hard disk's 0 track 1 cylinder 1 sector. To get a system booted in multi-boot mode, the very first sector within the corresponding main partition or extended partition is definitely the first sector that the operating method can directly access, which contains a boot program and also the parameter record table on the corresponding partition (BPB, BIOSParameterBlock).
Each logical partition has an operating system boot sector, and its parameters differ in accordance with the size of your partition along with the type of operating system. The boot system is mainly employed to ascertain whether or not the first two files in the root directory with the partition would be the boot files on the operating program. If so, the first file is read in to the memory and also the handle is given to the file. The parameter record table (BPB) records critical parameters for instance the start off sector, end sector, file storage format, hard disk drive letter, root directory size, file allocation table (FAT) quantity, and allocation unit size on the partition.
3. File allocation table
The file allocation table (FAT, FileAllocationTable) is a file addressing system. The file allocation table is behind the boot sector from the operating system, and its size depends on the size from the partition plus the size of your file allocation unit. In an effort to boost information safety, there are generally two file allocation tables, along with the second file allocation table can be a backup from the very first file allocation table.
FAT includes FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32 three file formats, broadly utilised in different operating systems. Within the FAT file format, the basic unit of a file occupying disk space is really a cluster, plus the number of sectors in each and every cluster in the hard disk is associated with the total capacity in the tough disk. Windows2000 / XP / Server2003 / Vista / 7 and also other operating systems mainly use FAT32 or NTFS file formats. OS / two, UNIX, Linux, Novell and other operating systems have their own file management strategies.
4. Directory region
The directory region (DIR, Directory) is utilized to retailer info about the place of files, such as the beginning unit, file name, file extension, and file attributes of each file (directory). https://firedberry3.webgarden.cz/rubriky/firedberry3-s-blog/2010-12-1014-49-source-no-cost is positioned behind the second file allocation table. The directory area is employed in conjunction using the file allocation table to accurately locate the precise place in the file on the disk.
5. Information location
The data area (Information) is situated behind the directory region and occupies many of the space on the challenging disk, in which all information of user files are stored. If customers typically defragment the disk partition, the data in the data region is going to be constantly stored, to ensure that even when the key boot sector, file allocation table and directory area are all broken, you are able to make use of the disk recovery computer software to restore the information.
Data repair
Second, the data storage principle In an effort to proficiently repair the data lost in the storage medium (challenging disk, optical disk, U disk and mobile tough disk), the user should comprehend the data storage principle. The following describes the principles of reading, storing, and deleting data files.
1. The idea of data
Data is often a broad idea, such as numerous information stored in the operating system or personal computer, which include multimedia files (graphics, pictures and sounds, etc.), installed computer software, documentation and database files.
2. Reading of files
When the system reads a file, it 1st reads the relevant data of the file from the directory region, which includes the file name, file extension, file size, modification date, plus the cluster variety of the first cluster that the file saves within the data region. By way of example, the very first cluster quantity stored inside the data area of the file is 0050, when reading the file, the program will study information from the 0050 cluster, then come across the 0050 unit in the FAT (file allocation table); if it's stored inside the content material could be the end-of-file flag, which is, FF, which indicates the end with the file, otherwise unit 0050 continues to read the cluster quantity of the next cluster. Repeat this way until the end-of-file flag is study.
3. Writing of files
When saving a file, the program initially searches for empty sectors inside the directory location. After locating it, it begins to create relevant details which include the file name, file size, and creation time, and then finds unused space inside the data region to save the file and save the file. The very first cluster number within the data area is written in to the directory location, along with the rest from the operations are pretty much the identical as these when reading files.
4. Deletion of files
Deleting a file is fairly simple. When deleting a file, the technique will only change the initial character in the file place data within the directory location to E5 to indicate that the file is deleted. Utilizing the 'fdisk' command to delete, rebuild the partition, along with the 'format' command to format the disk partition didn't delete the information directly in the data area. 'Fdisk' only changed the partition table, and 'format' just modified the FAT table. For that reason, it can be totally achievable to recover data within the wrong partition and formatted disk partition.
3. Protection of really hard disk data Due to the fact the user's critical data and software program are stored inside the challenging disk, when the information is lost because of improper tough disk protection, it will cause big losses towards the user. Hence, it really is particularly important to strengthen the protection with the tough disk and guard the challenging disk data. critical.
1. Reasons for tough disk data loss
The motives for challenging disk data loss mainly involve hardware and computer software, that are introduced separately under.
(1) Hardware reasons
Physical harm towards the difficult disk will be the hardware cause of information loss. Mainly manifested in track damage, circuit failure, mechanical failure and subsystem failure.
◆ Difficult disk track harm is often divided into zero track damage as well as other track harm. When the program displays 'Track0Bad' or 'DiskBootFailue' prompt message and can't boot in to the program, it indicates that the zero track is damaged. The harm of other tracks generally will not have an effect on the regular startup on the system, but only destroys the tough disk data on the tracks.
◆ The circuit failure primarily refers to the failure of your hard disk manage chip and handle circuit. Soon after such a fault happens, a 'Harddiskdrivefailure' prompt message will seem through the self-test. Often such a fault can detect system parameters and in some cases it cannot.
◆ Mechanical failure typically manifests as abnormal sound or magnetic head deformation when the hard disk is rotating, which can not be positioned and write errors.
◆ Subsystem failure mainly refers towards the failure of challenging disk controller, motherboard or energy provide method. Throughout the BIOS self-test, the hard disk parameters can't be displayed, along with a 'Harddrivecontrollerfailuer' error message will seem.
(two) Application causes
The cause for computer software is the fact that system files, application files, and user information files are deleted, modified, or lost. Such conditions are far more most likely to occur throughout the use in the laptop or computer. Usually, virus infection, incorrect disk partition operation and formatted partition, incorrect deletion or overwriting, and Ghost accidental restoration are all most likely to cause the loss of difficult disk data.
Software program faults usually manifest as failure to begin the system ordinarily, disk study and write errors, the essential files cannot be discovered, the files can't be opened or display garbled characters after opening, as well as the challenging disk partition is lost or a partition is not formatted.
Test the really hard drive
2. Measures to stop data loss in the really hard disk
Suitable operation in the personal computer can correctly stop the loss of challenging disk information. Right here are a number of measures to stop the loss of tough disk data.
◆ Frequently back up the system and essential information, and confirm the integrity on the backup information.
◆ Do not use disk operation application such as FDISK, PartitonMagic and Diskgen.
◆ When applying Ghost computer software to restore the system, you'll want to confirm no matter whether the source disk and also the target disk correspond.
◆ Shut down the pc typically, usually do not force shutdown or unplug the energy when reading and writing the really hard disk. It is advisable to use UPS and other gear to ensure power provide to prevent the sudden energy failure from causing harm for the personal computer hard disk.
◆ Use anti-virus application to kill viruses routinely, and update the virus database regularly.
◆ Do not move the chassis at random when it can be turned on, so as not to damage the difficult disk.
◆ Place the computer system in a working environment with appropriate temperature and humidity, and spend attention to ventilation to avoid the really hard disk working at high temperature.
◆ When you discover that the study and write speed with the difficult disk is naturally slow, you should make use of the disk defragmentation program to scan and organize the difficult disk.
◆ Don't use the encryption function from the NTFS file format that comes with the Windows method. Since once encrypted, if there isn't any backup crucial and certificate after reinstalling the program, the encrypted file won't be opened.
◆ When the difficult disk is abnormally loud, try not to turn it on. Try to ask a professional to repair it.
hint:
Inside the configuration with the personal computer, when the memory capacity is modest, the amount of times the challenging disk reads the disk will improve considerably, which does not guarantee the life on the challenging disk. When installing a difficult disk, the difficult disk must be hardened. The strong vibration will make the tough disk make unbearable noise, and it is actually the culprit of physical poor sectors.
Fourth, the principle of recovering information When the data inside the difficult disk is lost, it ought to comply with particular data recovery principles to restore the data to minimize the loss as substantially as you possibly can.
When recovering data, you very first really need to recall the earlier operations that might bring about information loss, analyze the result in on the lost information as outlined by the error prompt details, after which make a targeted recovery plan. As long as conditions permit, it's essential to do a backup job ahead of operation. Ahead of the user restores the information, he must carry out the following operations around the computer.
1. When the lost data is inside a non-system disk, you do not should turn off the energy, then make use of the information recovery software to recover the lost information.
2. When the files in the technique disk are lost, the power need to be turned off quickly to prevent the files generated by the new operation from overwriting the physical space where the original files are located. For the reason that during the standard shutdown operation, the Windows operating technique will execute disk create operations including backing up the registry.
3. Back up all data inside the at present recognized disk partition. In the event the program disk is broken, you have to attach the challenging disk to a functioning computer just before restoring data and back up all information inside the non-system partition.
four. Ahead of restoring the information, usually do not create any information to the partition exactly where the information to become restored is located, otherwise the lost data will likely be overwritten and also the information can't be recovered.
