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It is said that “you are what you eat.” Food provides people with the basic energy they need for survival. The geographical and cultural differences contribute to the unique food cultures of different nations. In the globalized world, the communication between different nations becomes more and more intense, which also promotes the intercommunication of the food cultures of different nations. Based on the examples that have been collected, the four members of our group looks into how the names of the foreign food and beverages have been translated into the Chinese food vocabulary. I am responsible for studying the translation of the names of the Western food and beverages. Through our discussion, we find that, of the methods used for the translation of the names of the foreign foods, three methods are used more often than other methods: transliteration, translation, and hybridized words. The first method is to choose a similar sound from the target language.

Guided by the group discussion on the translation methods of the Japanese food names, I will look into how the translation methods have been used to introduce the Western food and beverage names into the Chinese food and beverage vocabulary. The new food and beverage terms are mainly from the external sources. Different from the Japanese language which shares some certain common ground with the Chinese language, the Western languages belong to the Indo-European languages family. How to overcome the cultural barriers is an essential issue in the translation process. Through the discussion of some classic food and beverage names, such as an omelette, Gatorade, steak, hamburger, Caramel Macchiato, the following sections will look into how the western food names have been rendered in light of the translation methods discussed above.

Transliteration

There much Western food and beverage names that have been transliterated and become popular among the Chinese people. For example, two words, omelette and Gatorade, are introduced into the Chinese food vocabulary from external sources. Omelette is one of the most favored Western food. In Mandarin, the word is translated as “煎蛋卷” (pinyin: jīandànjǔan). The Chinese name of the food combines the cooking material, cooking method, and the shape of the food. However, for the Hong Kong people, “omelette” is known by another name, “奄列” (the Cantonese pronunciation: jimlaat), a transliteration of the word. The second syllable of the word corresponds to the pronunciation of “列” in Cantonese. Although the meaning of the Cantonese name of the food is not as easily understandable as the name in Mandarin, it is easy to remember for its unique name, which can also add foreign flavor to this kind of food. “Gatorade,” an American sports drink, is translated into Chinese as “佳得乐” (pinyin: jīadélè). The Chinese name of the brand is a transliteration in which Chinese characters with the similar pronunciation of the English syllables of the word is combined to form the Chinese brand of the beverage. The last two characters of the Chinese name of the beverage have similar end rhythm, enhancing the distinguishing degree of the product.

Translation

In addition to transliteration, translation also plays an important role in introducing foreign food names. “Steak” is a traditional Western diet and one of the signature dishes of the Western restaurants. As an externally-sourced word, steak had been introduced into China in the late Qing Dynasty. The Chinese translation of the word, “牛排” (pinyin: níupaí), decodes the cooking material and the shape of the food. Backed by the rising economic power of the country, the Chinese consumers pursue fashionable, high-end, and delicious dining materials. Steak is a good choice. The elegant dining environment and the diversified foreign flavor of the food have attracted many Chinese consumers to enjoy the taste of steak. Some foreign beverages are also translated by their meanings. There is an energy drink from Thailand named “Red Bull.” The Chinese translation keeps the meaning of the world, vivid and expressive.

Hybridized words

Sometimes, the Chinese names of the food and beverage names can be the combination of transliteration and translation to introduce the externally-sourced words. For example, “hamburger” is a kind of American-style food. Hamburger originally refers to “beef patty” but later develops the meaning of “sandwich.” The Chinese translation of the word chooses the Chinese characters with similar pronunciation and add a category noun at the end of the first two characters. It is easy for the consumers to remember. Another example is “Caramel Macchiato,” translated as “焦糖玛奇朵” (pinyin: jīaotáng mǎqíduǒ) in Chinese. “Caramel” is rendered by its meaning while “Macchiato” is transliterated. The hybridized words both indicate the material of the beverage and add special foreign flavor to it, inspiring the consumers to explore the taste of it.

The introduction of the Western style food and beverages into China can data back to the late Qing Dynasty. It takes a relatively long time for the Chinese people to accept the Western food and beverages. However, with the development of the global economy and the close interaction and interconnection between different countries, the communication between food cultures becomes intense. Many food enterprises are attracted by the large population in this country and choose to open chain stores in China. The Western food and beverages are no longer a specialty for the upper-class in China. The Chinese people hold an open attitude towards the food and beverages from different countries. Backed by the upturning living standards, the Chinese people raised their consumption level. As for the choice of food and beverage, they prefer the product featured with diversity, health, various, healthy, delicious food and the foreign food provides the Chinese consumers with diversified choices. The Western food and beverages, featured with its exquisite cooking methods and the foreign flavor, have become an important part of the Chinese people’s dietary pattern.

To conclude, based on the above discussion, it can be seen that translation is significant to introduce the foreign food and beverages into the China. The translation of the food names either uses easily acceptable and memorable words or the unique combination of the Chinese characters, such as “奄列.” The Chinese names of the foreign food and beverage products are innovative and elegant, creating healthy images of the food so that they can impress the Chinese consumers with an impression that the food is healthy, fresh, and delicious.