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Central Idea: Although there has been a long time since the novel was written in 1795, it is interesting to observe that the characters are written in this novel still match the characteristics of the people in the real world. Therefore, Voltaire’s satire can still be of reference meaning to the practical world we are living in.

Thesis: Through the satire, Voltaire reveals the weakness of the human nature, such as greed, cruelty, clinging to burdened beliefs, but, as observed by Julian Barnes, the satire by Voltaire can also be used to refer to phenomenon in the modern times and that the story of Candide is still of reference meaning to the people living in the current world.

Topic Sentence 1: Voltaire’s satire deeply reflects the depravity of the human nature, such as brutality.

Main support: Page 3 of Candide, the Bulgarian soldier’s savage acts in the small village.

Topic Sentence 2: Another point that is worthy of noticing in the novel is the unchanging and even deteriorating natures of the people around Candide.

Main support: Pangloss’s support of Leibnitzian optimism from the beginning to the end; the Baron’s sticking to the sense of hierarchy, change of Miss Cunegund, etc.

Topic Sentence 3: Voltaire’s satire still applies in the modern world.

Main support: the Syrian refugee smuggling and the Dutch skipper, greed for money

Topic Sentence 4: In the world filled with cruelty, with people unwilling to change their burdened beliefs, the future seems to be pessimistic. Through Candide saying, “let’s cultivate the garden” (97), Voltaire offers an answer to the question.

Main support: page 97 of Candide, “let’s cultivate the garden.”

Conclusion of the main points of the former arguments.

2. Step by Step Process Analysis

In the “Brainstorming” part, I choose the fifth prompt, which aims to make use of the secondary resources to view the work, Candide, by Voltaire. Firstly, I scanned Candide and write down my personal reading thoughts on the work. I believe, personal reading experience and the thought provoked in the reading process matters. For example, in analyzing Voltaire’s satire, I first read the sentences containing satire and remembered clearly of the rage on the savage acts of the Bulgarian soldiers on the local people (Voltaire 6). I took note of the thoughts and the functions of the satire. With the reading notes, I found the article written by Julian Barnes and identify the main ideas of Barnes. I find that Barnes is insightful in observing the value of Voltaire’s satire on the modern world. For example, how money, rank and other powers still take control of the world just like the old times (Barnes para.5). Inspired by Mr. Barnes’s idea, I formed the central idea of the paper that Voltaire’s satire is still of reference value to the modern world and structured the outline of the paper. Firstly, I found it necessary to discuss the correctness of Voltaire’s observance of the human nature. The battlefield scenes he describes in Candide repeatedly occur in the history - till modern times and may still happen in the future. Then I observe the necessity to state the change of Candide and the unchanged characteristics of other people and what the author wants to say at this point and link the point to the phenomena of the practical world. The former two points suffice to lead to the third argument that “Voltaire’s satire still applies in the modern world.” I choose the Syrian refugees smuggling as an example because it is typical to demonstrate the point that some people would do anything to obtain money, even at the cost of the lives of others. This event shows that the depravity of the human nature does not change with the advancement of time. The previous three arguments put people in a pessimist atmosphere, in the end, Voltaire offers a solution, through Candide, to sustain a meaningful life by focusing on the practical matters. The most difficult part writing the paper is to form a logic and well-structured body. I think, have a clear central idea of the paper is the first thing to do for a well-structured body because the central idea leads the clue of the paper. It is a useful tool to deconstruct the central idea, like what aspects the central idea can cover and can it be further deconstructed to sub-aspects? The reading notes can also play an important role: What have been written in the reading process, and what are the main points, what have been missing in the process. A gradually deconstruct analysis of the central idea, and the reading notes are the key steps to construct the outline of the paper.