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One North American Inuit legend recommends that the northern lights are spirits playing ball with a walrus head, while the Vikings thought the phenomenon was light reflecting off the armor of the Valkyrie, the supernatural maidens who brought warriors into the afterlife. Early astronomers likewise pointed out the northern lights in their records.
also keeps in mind the aurora, according to NASA. Aurora Colorado behind the northern lights wasn't thought up until the turn of the 20th century. Norwegian scientist Kristian Birkeland proposed that electrons produced from sunspots produced the atmospheric lights after being assisted towards the poles by Earth's electromagnetic field. The theory would ultimately prove right, however not till long after Birkeland's 1917 death.
At the time this image was taken, the spaceport station was orbiting about 258 miles (415 kilometers) above Russia and the Ukraine. A portion of the spaceport station's solar array is visible in the leading left corner of the image. (Image credit: NASA)What are the northern lights? At any given moment, the sun is ejecting charged particles from its corona, or upper environment, creating what's called the solar wind.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the phenomenon is called the northern lights (aurora borealis), while in the Southern Hemisphere, it's called the southern lights (aurora australis)."These particles are deflected towards the poles of Earth by our planet's electromagnetic field and engage with our atmosphere, transferring energy and triggering the environment to fluoresce," said astronomer Billy Teets, the director of Dyer Observatory at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.
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"Every type of atom or molecule, whether it's atomic hydrogen or a molecule like co2, takes in and radiates its own special set of colors, which is comparable to how every human has an unique set of finger prints," Teets informed "Some of the dominant colors seen in aurorae are red, a shade produced by the nitrogen molecules, and green, which is produced by oxygen molecules." While solar wind is constant, the sun's emissions go through a roughly 11-year cycle of activity.
This is when the northern lights are at their brightest and most frequent. The last solar optimum, or period of peak activity, took place in 2014, according to the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), placing the next one in approximately 2025. Regardless of a lot of advances in heliophysics and atmospheric science, much about the northern lights remains a secret.
