What is Eyelid tumor and what causes it ?
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An eyelid tumor refers to an abnormal growth of cells that develops on or within the eyelids. These tumors can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). Eyelid tumors can affect any of the layers of the eyelid, including the skin, muscle, and connective tissue.
There are various types of eyelid tumors, and they can originate from different cell types. Some common types of eyelid tumors include:
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Basal Cell Carcinoma: This is the most common type of eyelid cancer. It usually appears as a small, painless bump or sore that can crust, bleed, or become ulcerated. Basal cell carcinoma is usually slow-growing and rarely metastasizes (spreads to other parts of the body), but early treatment is important to prevent damage to the eye and surrounding tissues.
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Another type of eyelid cancer, squamous cell carcinoma often appears as a scaly, red, and thickened area on the eyelid. It can also become ulcerated or bleed. Like basal cell carcinoma, early treatment is important to prevent complications.
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Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma: This is a rare but aggressive type of eyelid cancer that originates from the oil-producing glands of the eyelids. It can mimic other benign conditions, making diagnosis challenging. It may cause a lump or nodule that is painless but can cause distortion or loss of eyelashes.
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Melanoma: Melanoma is a less common but serious type of eyelid cancer that arises from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. Melanoma can appear as a dark-colored lesion or mole on the eyelid.
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Benign Eyelid Tumors: These include various non-cancerous growths such as chalazion (a blocked oil gland), papilloma (wart-like growth), and nevus (a mole-like lesion).
The exact causes of eyelid tumors can vary based on the type of tumor. Some factors that may contribute to the development of eyelid tumors include:
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Ultraviolet (UV) Exposure: Prolonged exposure to UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds can increase the risk of developing certain eyelid tumors, particularly basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
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Genetics: Genetic factors can play a role in the development of some eyelid tumors, especially conditions that run in families.
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Age: The risk of eyelid tumors tends to increase with age, particularly for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.
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Immunosuppression: Weakened immune systems, often due to conditions like HIV or organ transplantation, can increase the risk of developing certain eyelid tumors.
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Previous Radiation Exposure: Previous radiation treatment to the eye or nearby areas can increase the risk of developing eyelid tumors.
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Chronic Inflammation: Chronic inflammation of the eyelids, known as blepharitis, can potentially contribute to the development of certain eyelid tumors.
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