Denise Abreu-Alvarez's List: DGL Vocabulary

• digital immigrants (people born before the advent of digital technology
• The paradox here is that digital immigrants, for the most part, invented the complex technologies and systems that digital natives use fluently -- the Internet, microchips and the ubiquitous cloud comes to mind. In this way, digital natives and digital immigrants must grow to work together and learn from each other.
• What can digital immigrants teach digital natives? 
   
  • To achieve goals quickly
   
  • To use focused resources in building things to scale
   
  • To revitalize or repurpose existing institutions
• Digital immigrants may have invented the technologies that digital natives use but didn't accurately anticipate how they would use them. For example, text messaging (SMS) was developed in the 1980s as an easy way for service engineers to quickly communicate regarding outages and replacement parts. It would have been unimaginable then that young people would chat and twitter using the service instead of talking on the phone.

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• A digital immigrant is an individual who was born before the widespread adoption of digital technology. The term digital immigrant may also apply to individuals who were born after the spread of digital technology and who were not exposed to it at an early age. Digital immigrants are the opposite of digital natives, who have been interacting with technology from childhood.
• Digital immigrants are believed to be less quick to pick up new technologies than digital natives. This results in the equivalent of a speaking accent when it comes to the way in which they learn and adopt technology. A commonly used example is that a digital immigrant may prefer to print out a document to edit it by hand rather than doing onscreen editing.
• The actual classification of people into immigrants and natives is tricky as the adoption of digital technology hasn’t been a unified phenomenon worldwide. For North America, most people born prior to 1980 are considered digital immigrants. Those closer to the cutoff are sometimes called digital intermediates, which means they started using digital technology in their early teens and thus are closer to digital natives in terms of their understanding and abilities.

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• The Digital Immigrant is the latecomer in the technology revolution and as with any immigrant, there is a certain “accent” that is readily apparent to the native speakers. Examples of this “accent” are things like calling and asking someone if a recipient received the email that was just sent, typing out text messages with full words rather than the standard abbreviations (OMGur my bff!), or going to the library before searching the Internet. Digital Immigrants still try and work around or second guess technology, while the Digital Natives know no other way. It is important to understand the differences between ourselves as the Immigrants and our students as the Natives. When we teach and advise our students using a language different than our own, we should not wonder that they aren’t listening!

• "Digital native" is a term for people born in the digital era, i.e., Generation X and younger. This group is also referred to as the "iGeneration" or is described as having been born with "digital DNA."
• Avoiders: Some young people, even though they were born digital, do not feel an affinity for digital technologies and, unlike most of their peers, they are not enamored by Facebook, texting or mobile technologies. Members of this small group of digital natives use a cell phone (it's pretty much cripplingly impractical not to have one these days), but do not have an email, Facebook or Twitter account, and may not even have Internet access at home. They probably have an older phone and do not text.
• Minimalists realize that technology is a part of today's world, and they try to engage with it minimally and only when they perceive it is necessary. They Google for information if they have to and purchase online only if they cannot do so in a local store. While they may have a Facebook account, they may check it only once a day or every couple of days. They will ask for directions to a friend's house instead of simply getting the address and looking it up on Google maps. If absolutely necessary, they will use Skype or a GPS system, but they are not eager to do so.
• Enthusiastic participants make up most of the digital natives. They enjoy and thrive on technology and gadgets. They interact on Facebook all day long, many of them Tweet, all of them are online in some capacity (YouTube, watching TV shows or movies online, Facebook, surfing, etc.) all day long or as much as possible. When they want to know something - such as a language translation, directions to a party, how to spell a word - the first thing they do is turn to Google. This group is harder to reach on the phone than via online methods and texting. They thrive on instant, fluid communication, and own a smartphone or iPad for constant access to the Web.
• • Prefer to connect via text, chat, Facebook, online games, etc.
    
  • Text more than call: Almost half of all teens can text with their eyes closed
• • Prefer a-synchronistic or sequential communication, such as in email, Facebook, or chat
    
  • Cannot relate to manuals - Solve problems "intuitively." As "intuitive learners" they are engaged in rapid 'trail and error' actions and prefer discovering via actions, experimentation and interaction rather than by reflection
• • Prefer receiving information quickly and simultaneously from multiple multimedia and other sources
    
  • Prefer parallel processing, multitasking or task switching
    
  • Prefer processing and interacting with pictures, graphics, sounds and video before text
• • Inclined to read texts in short bursts, one paragraph at a time, hopping to other activities, such as texting or Facebooking, in between paragraphs
    
  • Prefer instant gratification and rewards, do not see value in waiting
• • View the workplace more in egalitarian terms and less in hierarchical (top-down) terms
    
  • Work intermittently 7 days a week; alternate among play, work, socializing, etc. 24/7. No "end" to the week - continuous flow, natural rhythm
    
  • Try many careers during the lifetime and switch workplaces and work settings fairly easily and fluently. Stability, security, and pension are not highly valued as variety, experience and experimentation, which natives see as essential to vocational satisfaction (Theme - experiment rather than consider)
• • Are more concerned with personal satisfaction - self is focus rather than company. May change jobs often as they develop personally, add to skill set and change areas of interest
    
  • Prefer telecommuting and flexible hours, opportunity to make up work remotely, i.e., from a café on a weekend or while on vacation
    
  • Prefer to switch focus and alternate among work, play, social networking, etc., and are more productive and happy working this way
• • Hang out both online (Facebook, texting) and also offline (concerts, parties)
    
  • Use texting and instant message shorthand: cu tomorrow; luv ya, r u going to the game?
    
  • Tell friends about a trip by posting pictures on Facebook (visual versus verbal or text stories)
• • Use the Internet to socialize, play, have fun, watch videos, shows, create, etc.
    
  • View the Internet in terms of interaction and participation rather than as passive or one-directional
    
  • Many aspects of life are happening only online
• • Internet is as real, and often more pleasurable and tangible, than offline life
    
  • Like multitasking and task switching. Prefer several tasks or recreation activities at a time: Watch a show, socialize, text, study, play, etc.
    
  • Put highly personal information on social networking sites, where they may have hundreds or even thousands of friends who can view. Also put personal videos on YouTube - not afraid to be known, not especially concerned with privacy
• • Prefer to learn "just-in-time" and what is minimally necessary
    
  • Learning should be fun and knowledge is often acquired via fun activities, such as gaming, surfing the web or social networking.
    
  • Get their news from friends via Facebook (political discussions on walls), Twitter, political blogs. Traditional news sites are a part of, but not the central piece, of news for this group
• • Interact/network simultaneously with many, even hundreds of others, as well as with best few friends
    
  • Quality interactions can occur with complete strangers, in public, on Facebook, via Twitter and especially online gaming (some games have millions of players around the world). Natives are constantly meeting each other and getting to know one another, often having never met face to face
• Safety concerns: Sexting, inappropriate pictures online, cyber stalking, cyber bullying, privacy invasions (hijacking of email accounts, social networking sites)

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• The war between natives and immigrants is ending. The natives have won.
• he post-millennial "digital native," a term coined by U.S. author Marc Prensky in 2001 is emerging as the globe's dominant demographic, while the "digital immigrant," becomes a relic of a previous time.
• those born into an innate "new culture"
• "faster... And faster and faster."
• Connecting with one another in the modern world requires a knack for social networking and texting, which is the norm for the digital native. But for the immigrant, it can be akin to learning a whole new language.
• "People get frightened by change and they should be. They need courage to face the future these days, especially those who feel left behind." Prensky said. "People adapt instinctively and humans are very good at that. The young people live in the context; the older people see the changing context and struggle."
• By 2020, Prensky predicts people across the globe will be plugged into the "AORTA," -- Always On RealTime Access -- a term coined by Mark Anderson, the chief of the Strategic News Service -- specializing in technology news. A future in which people are constantly able to access information and news from anywhere on the planet.
• "The presents that we live in, are the futures that our pasts have imagined."
• "Let us hope that the technologies of the future will also be designed to protect that which is sacred, and that which is important in our own understanding of being human."

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• You see them everywhere. The teenage girl with the iPod, sitting across from you on the subway, frenetically typing messages into her cell phone. The whiz kid summer intern in your office who knows what to do when your e-mail client crashes. The eight-year-old who can beat you at any video game on the market—and types faster than you do, too. Even your niece’s newborn baby in London, whom you’ve never met, but with whom you have bonded nonetheless, owing to the new batch of baby photos that arrive each week.
• All of them are “Digital Natives.” They were all born after 1980, when social digital technologies, such as Usenet and bulletin board systems, came online. They all have access to networked digital technologies. And they all have the skills to use those technologies.
• Maybe your young assistant has shown you a hilarious political satire online that you never would have found on your own, or made presentation materials for you that make your own PowerPoint slides seem medieval by comparison. Maybe your son has Photoshopped a cloud out of a family vacation photo and turned it into the perfect Christmas card. Maybe that eight-year-old made a funny video on her own that tens of thousands of people watched on YouTube.
• Your son has told you, perhaps, that a boy in his ninth-grade class is putting up scary, violent messages on his Web page. Or you heard about that ring of college kids who hacked into a company website and stole 487 credit-card numbers before getting caught by police.
• They study, work, write, and interact with each other in ways that are very different from the ways that you did growing up. They read blogs rather than newspapers. They often meet each other online before they meet in person.
• This is the most rapid period of technological transformation ever, at least when it comes to information. The Chinese invented the printing press several centuries before Johannes Gutenberg developed the European printing press in the mid-1400s and churned out his first Bibles. Few people could afford the printed books made possible by presses for another several centuries. By contrast, the invention and adoption of digital technologies by more than a billion people worldwide has occurred over the span of a few decades. Despite the saturation of digital technologies in many cultures, no generation has yet lived from cradle to grave in the digital era.
• Most notable, however, is the way the digital era has transformed how people live their lives and relate to one another and to the world around them. Some older people were there at the start, and these “Digital Settlers”—though not native to the digital environment, because they grew up in an analog-only world—have helped to shape its contours. These older people are online, too, and often quite sophisticated in their use of these technologies, but they also continue to rely heavily on traditional, analog forms of interaction.

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• Multimodality is an inter-disciplinary approach that understands communication and representation to be more than about language. It has been developed over the past decade to systematically address much-debated questions about changes in society, for instance in relation to new media and technologies.
• Multimodal approaches have provided concepts, methods and a framework for the collection and analysis of visual, aural, embodied, and spatial aspects of interaction and environments, and the relationships between these
• First, multimodality assumes that representation and communication always draw on a multiplicity of modes, all of which contribute to meaning. It focuses on analyzing and describing the full repertoire of meaning-making resources that people use (visual, spoken, gestural, written, three-dimensional, and others, depending on the domain of representation) in different contexts, and on developing means that show how these are organized to make meaning.
• Second, multimodality assumes that resources are socially shaped over time to become meaning making resources that articulate the (social, individual/affective) meanings demanded by the requirements of different communities.
• Third, people orchestrate meaning through their selection and configuration of modes, foregrounding the significance of the interaction between modes.
• Four core concepts are common across multimodal research: mode, semiotic resource, modal affordance and inter-semiotic relations.

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• multimodality simply means the ability to create and read a variety of modes of communication. Approaching literacy in multimodal ways emphasizes the many ways that individuals can communicate their ideas. This understanding respects individual students and promotes success in their literate lives.
• IRA’s definition of multimodality emphasizes the increasingly digital nature of society’s modes of communicating.  Combining a changing and expanding number of technological modes to communicate and comprehend is intrinsic to multimodality in the 21st century. Literacy today requires competence in engaging with, evaluating, and creating these texts online as well as through more traditional methods. This especially honors our tech-savvy students, while also asking that educators guide learning in digital spaces. 
• facilitate a more digital multimodal literacy for the start of a new school year.  In each tool it is easy to recognize an aspect of multimodality you may have used in the past: Glogster is very similar to a poster, Flickr is reminiscent of class picture walls. Ultimately, translating the creation of these complex multimodal tasks into the digital realm is not prohibitively difficult. 

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• Two or more modes of operation. The term is used to refer to myriad functions and conditions in which two or more different methods, processes or forms of delivery are used. On the Web, it refers to asking for something one way and receiving the answer another; for example requesting information via speech and receiving the answer on screen.

• an idea, belief or belief system, or pattern of behavior that spreads throughout a culture either vertically by cultural inheritance (as by parents to children) or horizontally by cultural acquisition (as by peers, information media, and entertainment media)
• a pervasive thought or thought pattern that replicates itself via cultural means; a parasitic code, a virus of the mind especially contagious to children and the impressionable  
  

• MEME is "An idea that spreads like a virus by word of mouth, email, blogs etc"

• An Internet meme is a cultural phenomenon that spreads from one person to another online.
• A meme spread online could be just about anything that is voluntarily shared, including phrases, images, rumors and audio or video files. An Internet meme might originate and stay online. However, frequently memes cross over and may spread from the offline world to online or vice-versa.

• When you hear the word 'wiki', you most likely think immediately of Wikipedia, the famous online encyclopedia.
• This term "wiki" actually means quick in Hawaiian.
• a website that allows collaborative editing of its content and structure by its users
• hat makes them different from any other type of website—is collaborative editing by the users.
• The idea of a "Wiki" may seem odd at first, but dive in, explore its links and it will soon seem familiar. "Wiki" is a composition system; it's a discussion medium; it's a repository; it's a mail system; it's a tool for collaboration. We don't know quite what it is, but we do know it's a fun way to communicate asynchronously across the network.
• ikis are composition systems.
• • Make it quick and easy to write information on web pages.
  • Facilitate communication and discussion, since it's easy for those who are reading a wiki page to edit that page themselves.
  • Allow for quick and easy linking between wiki pages, including pages that don't yet exist on the wiki.

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• The most famous wiki is called Wikipedia, a massive online encyclopedia. Wikipedia has become so large (more than a million articles) that you run across it all the time in Google. It is so popular that it is now one of the Top 100 web sites in the world! ­
• Wikis are growing because, at their core, they are about as simple as can be. That simplicity means that people find them easy to use, just like e-mail and blogs.
• What it means is that, when you come to a wiki, you are able to read what the wiki's community has written
• This simplicity and the utter openness of a wiki cause many people to instantly reject the idea. Wikis also seem very strange to many people. Where does all the information come from? Is it reliable? What stops people from vandalizing a wiki until it dies? People assume that because anyone can edit a wiki at any time, the wiki must be flawed. But wiki supporters claim this is an incorrect assumption. Let's look at a real wiki to understand what is actually going on.

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• ocial networking is the grouping of individuals into specific groups, like small rural communities or a neighborhood subdivision, if you will.  Although social networking is possible in person, especially in the workplace, universities, and high schools, it is most popular online.
• When it comes to online social networking, websites are commonly used. These websites are known as social sites. Social networking websites function like an online community of internet users. Depending on the website in question, many of these online community members share common interests in hobbies, religion, politics and alternative lifestyles. Once you are granted access to a social networking website you can begin to socialize. This socialization may include reading the profile pages of other members and possibly even contacting them.
• As mentioned, social networking often  involves grouping specific individuals or organizations together.

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• The easiest way to understand social networking is to think of it like high school. You had friends in school, and you knew quite a few people even if you weren't friends with all of them, but it's likely that you didn't know everyone.
• ocial networking is based on a certain structure that allow people to both express their individuality and meet people with similar interests. This structure includes having profiles, friends, blog posts, widgets, and usually something unique to that particular social networking website -- such as the ability to 'poke' people on Facebook or high-five someone on Hi5.
• Social Networking is a nice form of entertainment, great for meeting people with similar interests, and can be a very effective business technique for entrepreneurs, writers, actors, musicians or artists.

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• Social networking is the practice of expanding the number of one's business and/or social contacts by making connections through individuals.
• In general, here's how it works: you join one of the sites and invite people you know to join as well. Those people invite their contacts to join, who in turn invite their contacts to join, and the process repeats for each person. In theory, any individual can make contact through anyone they have a connection to, to any of the people that person has a connection to, and so on.
• Web sites dedicated to social networking include Friendster, Linkedin, Spoke, and Tribe Networks. IBM and Microsoft are among organizations said to be considering entering this market.

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• Alternatively referred to as a virtual community or profile site, a social network is a website on the Internet that brings people together in a central location to talk, share ideas and interests, or make new friends.
• • Bebo ( http://www.bebo.com/ ) - A popular social networking site where users can share photo's, stories, their journal, and more with friends and family privately or publicly on the Internet.
  • Classmates ( http://www.classmates.com/ ) - One of the largest and most used websites that brings together and allows people who graduated from high school and allows you to keep in touch with them and any future reunions.
  • Facebook ( http://www.facebook.com/ ) - One of the most popular social networking websites on the Internet. Facebook is a popular destination for users to setup their own personal web pages, connect with friends, share pictures, share movies, talk about what you're doing, etc.
• • Friendster ( http://www.friendster.com/ ) - A popular social network that brings together friends, family, and allows you to meet new people who share similar interests to you from all over the world.
  • Google+ (http://plus.google.com/) - The latest social networking service from Google.
  • LinkedIn ( http://www.linkedin.com/ ) - One of the best if not the best locations to connect with current and past co-workers and potentially future employers.
  • MySpace ( http://www.myspace.com/ ) - One of the most popular social networks and one of the most viewed website on the Internet. See the MySpace definition for further information about this service.
• • Orkut ( http://www.orkut.com/ ) - A popular service from Google that provides you a location to socialize with your friends and family, and meet new acquaintances from all around the world.
   
  • Path ( http://path.com/ ) - A mobile only social network that allows you to keep in contact with your closest friends and family.
   
  • Pinterest ( http://www.pinterest.com/ ) - An upcoming and popular picture and sharing service that allows anyone to easily share pictures, create collections, and more.
  • StumbleUpon ( http://www.stumbleupon.com/ ) - Another very popular community of Internet users who vote for web pages they like and dislike and allows users to create their own personal page of interesting sites they come across. See the StumbleUpon definition for additional information about this service.
• • TagWorld ( http://www.tagworld.com/ ) Great clean social networking site that brings users together who enjoy similar music tastes or other similar interests. In addition to allowing users to create their own blog users can post videos, music, etc or browse other users videos and music.
  • Twitter ( http://www.twitter.com/ ) - Another fantastic service that allows users to post 140 character long posts from their phones and on the Internet. A fantastic way to get the pulse of what's going on around the world.
  • Windows Live Spaces ( http://spaces.live.com/ ) - A service by Microsoft that allows any user to create their own personal blog and social networking site.
  • YouTube ( http://www.youtube.com/ ) - A great network of users posting video blogs or Vlog's and other fun and interesting videos.

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• Academic integrity is the pursuit of scholarly activity in an open, honest and responsible manner. Academic integrity is a basic guiding principle for all academic activity at The Pennsylvania State University, and all members of the University community are expected to act in accordance with this principle.