The RSpec descriptions go in a describe method, and you pass in the name of the class under test and a code block that has the actual spec. Normally, test cases have a certain amount of set up work. In RSpec, you put the set up work in a before section. You pass the before method an optional symbol and a code block. The code block contains the set up work. The symbol determines how often RSpec should execute the code block. The default symbol is :each, meaning RSpec will call the set up block before each test. You can also specify :all, meaning RSpec will call the before block once before all of the tests. You should almost always use :each, to keep each test isolated and independent of the others.